Tag Archives: 神経膠

By Billy Hammond (Copyright AELS) There are cells in the central nervous system (think brain, brainstem, spinal cord) that provide a good environment and support for the neurons. They are the astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia and ependymal cells. Take a look at Neuroglia – Neuron Support Cells (1) for information on the astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Microglia These are the smallest of the neuroglia cells and look like short-spine sea urchins or the konpeito candy sold in Japan. They are the clean up cells of the nervous system and are activated in the case of injury, trauma or stroke. They swell up, become motile and phagocytic (capable of absorbing and dissolving bacteria and small particles) when they sense injury. They also release cytokines (proteins that mediate and regulate immunity and inflammation) such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-ɑ). Ependymal Cells There are […]

By Billy Hammond (Copyright AELS) There are cells in the central nervous system (think brain, brainstem, spinal cord) that provide a good environment and support for the neurons. They are the astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia and ependymal cells. Astrocytes Astrocytes are the largest cells of the neuroglia. They have a star shape with an egg-shaped nucleus. They provide support for the neurons by creating a barrier that prevents the spread of transmitters from the synapses. They also provide electrical insulation for the neurons. In addition they take up some neurotransmitters like GABA and terminate their action. Astrocytes can proliferate in a mature brain, which is why they are the cause of most brain tumors. Astrocytes also take care of extra K+ from local neural activity, by taking it up through membrane channels and dissipating it over a large area. They repair […]